耶和华见证人认为『人死后灵魂不存在』的错误
张逸萍译自:Reed,
David A. Answering Jehovah’s Witnesses Subject by
Subject. MI: Baker Books, 1999, p. 215-17.
根据耶和华见证人,当你死的时候,你就不再存在了。他们否认在身体死亡之后,有任何非物质部分仍然存留下来。为了要这样教导,当然,他们必须为『灵』和『魂』重新下定义。可是,这工作并不太困难,因为某些圣经所用的字,是有多方面的意思的,可从上下文决定。英文字的『soul』和『spirit』[1]
就是这样的字,字典会列举几个意思。耶和华见证人利用这一点,于是专讲那些能适合他们的教义上的,不顾那些不合适的。例:[2]
例如,圣经有些地方的『soul』原文光指一个人:——
例如使徒行传二十七章37节:
KJV:And
we were in all in the ship two hundred threescore and sixteen souls.
NIV:Altogether
there were 276 of us on board.
和合本:我们在船上的共有二百七十六个人。
又有一些地方,『soul』的意思是生命:——
例如诗篇八十六篇14节:
KJV:the
assemblies of violent men have sought after my soul;
NIV:ruthless
people are trying to kill me—
和合本:有一党强横的人寻索我的命,
所以耶和华见证人引用这样的例子,证明灵魂不是人肉体死后留下来的非物质部分。事实上,他们甚至不顾上下文地引用以西结书十八章4节,证明灵魂『死去』。在这经文,
KJV:the
soul that sinneth, it shall die.
NIV:The
one who sins is the one who will die.
和合本:犯罪的,他必死亡。
但是,上下文显示,这个经文不是讨论「人死后是否还有一部分能存留」的问题,这里是处理「指控上帝为父亲的罪而刑罚儿子」一事,所以指出,谁(人,soul)犯罪,谁死亡。(若要知道更多详情和他们怎样误用这经文,请见:Jehovah’s
Witnesses Answered Verse by Verse一书。)
为了要否认灵魂这个字指人死后仍存的那部分,耶和华见证人谨慎地避免那些清楚有这个意思的经文;如果向他们指出这些经文,他们会尝试使用复杂的辩词来搪塞。清楚显示灵魂在死后仍存的经文(甚至耶证的《新世界》亦然)包括:
启示录六章9-11节:
KJV:……
the souls of them that were slain for the word of God, ……cried with a loud
voice, …… and it was said unto them, that they should rest yet for a little
season, …… their brethren, that should be killed as they were, should be
fulfilled.
NIV: ……the
souls of those who had been slain because of the word of …… called out in a loud
voice……they were told to wait a little longer, until the full number of their
fellow servants, their brothers and sisters, were killed just as they had been.
和合本:……为 神的道、并为作见证被杀之人的灵魂,大声喊著说∶……有话对他们说,还要安息片时,等著一同作仆人的和他们的弟兄也像他们被杀,满足了数目。
马太福音十章28节:
KJV:And
fear not them which kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul
NIV:Do
not be afraid of those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul.
和合本:那杀身体、不能杀灵魂的,不要怕他们。
经文清楚明确,人人都能明白,只有那些被耶证灌输教导,洗了脑,眼晴瞎了的人,才不能明白。正如他们否认圣灵有位格和神圣,守望台为『spirit』一字重新定义,以之为一个不具人格的生命力量(life
force):「灵没有人格……它不能思想……我们可把它比作汽车电池里的电流。」(The
Truth That Leads to Eternal Life,
页 39)所以耶和华见证人这样说:当司提反请求耶稣「接收我的灵魂」(徒七59),他不过是请求耶稣为他的生命力量「拔掉插头」。
这样的解释,是忽视那些认为人的灵有思想和人格的经文,例如:
哥林多前书二章11节:
KJV:For
what man knoweth the things of a man, save the spirit of man which is in him?
NIV:For
who knows a person’s thoughts except their own spirit within them?
和合本:除了在人里头的灵,谁知道人的事?
马可福音二章8节:
KJV:And
immediately when Jesus perceived in his spirit that they so reasoned within
themselves, he said unto them, Why reason ye these things in your hearts?
NIV:Immediately
Jesus knew in his spirit that this was what they were thinking in their hearts,
and he said to them, “Why are you thinking these things?
和合本:耶稣心中知道他们心里这样议论,就说∶你们心里为甚么这样议论呢?
如果灵魂只不过是「不具人格的力量」,如电流,耶稣怎么可能有如下表现?
约翰福音十一章33节:
KJV:Jews
…… groaned in the spirit, and was troubled.
NIV:Jesus
……was deeply moved in spirit and troubled.
和合本:耶稣……心里悲叹,又甚忧愁,
又怎么可能这样论及他的使徒们?
马可福音十四章38节:
KJV:The
spirit truly is ready, but the flesh is weak.
NIV:The
spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak.
和合本:你们心灵固然愿意,肉体却软弱了。
「一个不具人格的力量」能「愿意」吗?
你一旦向耶和华见证人指出守望台在『soul』和『spirit』教导上有错误,他们可能反过来问你这两个字的定义是什么,再请你详细指出死的时候,有什么事情发生。你应该避免这个陷阱,因为即便他是真诚地向你发问,你也需要很多的功夫,他们才能放弃被灌输的信念,而能成功地重新学习教义和神学。或者,这位耶和华见证人不过希望你「把珍珠丢出」,好让他们「把你撕碎」,最好不要给他们这样的机会。
你若使用下面的例子击败守望台错用『soul』和『spirit』两个字,证明圣经教导死后仍存,那已经足够了【我们甚至可以引用他们的《新世界》】。这些例子就是:讲拉撒路的故事,强调乞丐死了,「天使就带他到」一个地方「他要在这里得安慰。」(路十六22,25《新世界》)。指出保罗明白,他身体死亡之后,「能跟基督在一起」(腓一23《新世界》),「非常愿意不住在肉身里,情愿以主那里为家。」(林后五8《新世界》)。因此,耶稣可以诚实地说,「凡活着信从我的,必永远不死。」(约十一26《新世界》)。